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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: January 5, 2019

Macroscopic Single-Phase Monolayer Borophene on Arbitrary Substrates.

Borna Radatović¹, Valentino Jadriško¹, Sherif Kamal¹

¹Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 2, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized large-scale borophene sheets, a 2D material, on an iridium surface. They successfully transferred these millimeter-sized borophene sheets to silicon wafers, preserving their crystal structure for future device applications.

Keywords:

Ir (111)Raman spectroscopy Si wafer atomic force microscopy borophene density functional theory electrochemical transfer

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Surface Science

Background:

Large-scale synthesis and manipulation of 2D materials, including borophene, remain significant challenges.
Current borophene research is often limited to small-area samples and in situ characterizations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop scalable synthesis protocols for borophene.
To demonstrate the successful transfer and structural integrity of large-area borophene sheets on a different substrate.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of millimeter-sized borophene sheets on an Ir(111) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions.
Characterization using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Transfer of borophene to a Si wafer using electrochemical delamination, followed by Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

Achieved high-quality, macroscopic synthesis of single-layer borophene sheets.
Successfully transferred borophene to a silicon wafer, preserving its crystal structure.
Demonstrated minor defects and ambient stability in the transferred borophene.

Conclusions:

Established a viable method for large-scale borophene synthesis and manipulation.
The transfer process maintains the structural integrity of borophene, enabling its use in complex systems.
This work paves the way for the practical implementation of borophene in electronic devices.