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A review of masticatory muscle function.

W W Wood

    The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Understanding jaw muscle activity during chewing and clenching is crucial for clinicians. Altering tooth contacts can modify muscle function, but more research is needed for precise prediction of outcomes.

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    Relationships between the size and spatial morphology of human masseter and medial pterygoid muscles, the craniofacial skeleton, and jaw biomechanics.

    American journal of physical anthropology·1989

    Area of Science:

    • Dental Science
    • Biomechanics
    • Anatomy

    Background:

    • Current understanding of masticatory muscle actions during various jaw movements is based on existing reports.
    • The relationship between the mandible and maxillae, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle-fossa, can be influenced by clinical interventions.
    • Altering tooth contacts impacts muscle activity during functional and parafunctional activities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the actions of major masticatory muscles.
    • To explore how alterations in jaw and tooth contacts affect muscle activity.
    • To highlight the clinical relevance of understanding masticatory muscle function.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current scientific literature on masticatory muscle actions.
    • Analysis of muscle activity during clenching, mandibular opening, and unilateral chewing.
    • Examination of the effects of altered occlusal contacts and jaw positions.

    Main Results:

    • Elevator muscles show maximum activity with bilateral occlusal contacts during clenching in centric occlusion.
    • Elevator muscles activate together during chewing when occlusal contacts are balanced bilaterally.
    • Increased eccentric tooth contacts enhance muscle activity during both chewing and clenching.
    • Medial pterygoid muscle action is variable, influenced by chewing pathway and occlusion.
    • Inferior lateral pterygoid muscle plays a reciprocal role with the medial pterygoid and aids in condylar bracing.
    • Superior lateral pterygoid muscle activity during mandibular closing requires further investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinicians can modify jaw muscle activity by altering occlusal relationships.
    • Predicting the precise outcomes of morphological changes on the muscular system requires further study.
    • Understanding masticatory muscle function and its modifiability is essential for effective clinical practice.

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