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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
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Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

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LNCing RNA to immunity.

Daniel C Peltier1, Alexis Roberts1, Pavan Reddy2

  • 1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|May 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of immune responses. Understanding their specific roles could lead to better diagnostics and therapeutics for immune disorders.

Keywords:
alloimmunityantitumor immunityautoimmunityimmunityinflammatory immune disorderslong noncoding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The molecular mechanisms governing immune regulation are not fully understood, hindering the development of effective treatments for immune-mediated diseases.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression and cellular functions, with their roles in immunity being a recent focus of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mammalian immune system regulation.
  • To emphasize the potential of lncRNAs as targets for developing precise therapeutics and diagnostics for immune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review and synthesis of existing research on lncRNAs and their role in immunity.
  • Analysis of literature focusing on lncRNA function, tissue-specific expression, and involvement in immune responses.

Main Results:

  • The number of lncRNA genes is comparable to protein-coding genes, yet their functions remain largely unexplored.
  • Several lncRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of immune responses.
  • lncRNAs exhibit cell- and context-specific expression patterns, suggesting specialized roles.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into the functions and tissue-specific expression of lncRNAs is essential for advancing our understanding of the immune system.
  • lncRNAs represent a promising avenue for the development of novel diagnostics and targeted therapeutics for a range of immune disorders.