Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.2K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.2K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

5.0K
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
5.0K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.2K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.2K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.4K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.4K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

682
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
682
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.0K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Local, but not circulating, complement C3 shapes immune checkpoint blockade efficacy by controlling myeloid cell infiltration.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

PTP1B deficiency in the reward system suppressed the rewarding value of a high-fat diet.

Brain research bulletin·2026
Same author

Setmelanotide for the Treatment of Acquired Hypothalamic Obesity.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Prolonged isolated dysgeusia as an initial manifestation of neurolymphomatosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026
Same author

Dominant T cell receptor clonotypes in adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary carcinoma are the highest-frequency clones among CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> cells in peripheral blood during effective anti-PD-1 therapy.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

A diagnostic pitfall in cold agglutinin disease: KMT2D-mutated CAD-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with a CLL-like immunophenotype.

Oxford medical case reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.9K

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related thyroid dysfunction.

Shintaro Iwama1, Tomoko Kobayashi1, Yoshinori Yasuda1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|May 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause thyroid dysfunction (thyroid irAEs), often leading to hypothyroidism. Baseline anti-thyroid antibodies may predict thyroid irAE development, impacting patient survival.

Keywords:
PD-1PD-L1hyperthyroidismhypothyroidismirAEthyrotoxicosis

More Related Videos

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.5K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing Antibody-Based Cancer Treatments via Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay
05:21

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Antibody-Based Cancer Treatments via Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay

Published on: September 13, 2024

488

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.9K
In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.5K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing Antibody-Based Cancer Treatments via Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay
05:21

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Antibody-Based Cancer Treatments via Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay

Published on: September 13, 2024

488

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting various organs, including the endocrine system.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine irAE, frequently presenting as destructive thyroiditis or hypothyroidism, necessitating thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features, potential predictive biomarkers, and underlying mechanisms of thyroid irAEs induced by ICIs.
  • To highlight the association between thyroid irAEs and improved survival in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment outcomes for thyroid irAEs.
  • Exploration of immunological pathways and biomarker identification, including anti-thyroid antibodies and T cell involvement.

Main Results:

  • Destructive thyroiditis and hypothyroidism are the predominant forms of thyroid irAEs, with hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) being rare.
  • Thyroid irAE development is linked to prolonged survival in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
  • Pre-existing anti-thyroid antibodies are associated with a higher incidence of thyroid irAEs, suggesting predictive value.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid irAEs are a significant concern with ICI therapy, characterized mainly by hypothyroidism.
  • Anti-thyroid antibodies may serve as predictive biomarkers for thyroid irAEs.
  • Understanding the mechanisms, including T cell involvement, is crucial for managing these events and optimizing cancer treatment.