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Cardiovascular Regeneration via Stem Cells and Direct Reprogramming: A Review

Choon-Soo Lee1,2, Joonoh Kim1,2, Hyun-Jai Cho3

  • 1Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Circulation Journal
|May 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer promising avenues for cardiac regeneration, generating cardiomyocytes (CMCs) for treating heart failure. Direct reprogramming bypasses intermediate stages, advancing regenerative medicine for cardiovascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, with heart failure posing a significant challenge.
  • Despite advancements in pharmacological and surgical treatments, a substantial percentage of patients develop end-stage heart failure requiring transplantation.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have emerged as a key focus for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of hPSCs in cardiac regeneration and the therapeutic potential of derived cardiomyocytes (CMCs).
  • To discuss the clinical applications and advancements in hPSC-derived CMC therapies.
  • To highlight the significance of direct somatic cell reprogramming into CMCs for regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hPSC differentiation protocols for CMCs.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hPSC-derived CMCs in cardiac repair.
  • Examination of recent progress in direct reprogramming of somatic cells into CMCs, bypassing intermediate stages.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols enable the generation of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for clinical applications.
  • Studies demonstrate therapeutic effects of hPSCs in animal models, elucidating cardiac regeneration mechanisms.
  • Biomedical engineering enhances the in vivo therapeutic potential of hPSC-derived CMCs.
  • Direct reprogramming offers a pathway to mature CMCs from somatic cells, circumventing cellular reprogramming intermediates.

Conclusions:

  • hPSCs and their derived CMCs hold significant promise for treating cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
  • Direct reprogramming of somatic cells presents a novel and efficient approach in cardiac regenerative medicine.
  • Further research and technological integration are crucial for translating these stem cell-based therapies into widespread clinical practice.

Keywords:
CardiomyocytesCardiovascular diseaseCell therapyDirect reprogrammingPluripotent stem cells

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