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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
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Sternoclavicular Joint Instability and Reconstruction.

Matthew T Provencher1, David L Bernholt, Liam A Peebles

  • 1From the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO (Provencher, Bernholt, Peebles, and Millett), and The Steadman Clinic, Vail, CO (Provencher and Millett).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|May 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic sternoclavicular (SC) joint instability, often anterior, may require surgery if nonsurgical methods fail. Posterior SC joint instability necessitates surgical intervention due to risks to mediastinal structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Chronic sternoclavicular (SC) joint instability can arise from dislocation, commonly presenting anteriorly.
  • Posterior SC joint instability poses significant risks due to proximity to vital mediastinal structures.
  • While anterior instability may not resolve non-surgically, it can limit active individuals, necessitating intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review surgical management options for chronic sternoclavicular (SC) joint instability.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of SC joint reconstruction and medial clavicle resection.
  • To highlight the importance of surgical intervention for posterior SC joint instability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on surgical techniques for SC joint instability.
  • Analysis of patient-reported outcomes and complication rates for various surgical approaches.
  • Comparison of outcomes between SC joint reconstruction and medial clavicle resection.

Main Results:

  • Surgical treatment, including SC joint reconstruction or medial clavicle resection, can effectively manage chronic anterior instability in active individuals.
  • Recurrent posterior SC joint instability requires surgical treatment to mitigate risks to mediastinal structures.
  • Current literature indicates that various reconstruction techniques generally lead to improved patient outcomes and low complication rates.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention is often necessary for functionally limiting chronic anterior SC joint instability and all cases of posterior SC joint instability.
  • Reconstruction techniques for the SC joint demonstrate promising results in improving patient function and safety.
  • Prompt surgical management is crucial for posterior SC joint instability to prevent serious complications.