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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Sphingolipids and Asthma.

Tilla S Worgall1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. tpw7@cumc.columbia.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decreased sphingolipid synthesis, linked to the ORMDL3 gene, impacts asthma development and features. Studies in children and mouse models highlight this connection.

Keywords:
Airway hyperreactivityChildhood asthmaORMDL3Sphingolipids

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Asthma is a global respiratory disease, particularly affecting children.
  • Genetic and environmental factors influence asthma susceptibility.
  • The 17q12-21 locus is a significant genetic risk factor for asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the ORMDL3 gene in asthma pathogenesis.
  • To examine the impact of sphingolipid metabolism on asthma features.
  • To summarize findings from human and mouse studies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic association studies linking SNPs in the 17q12-21 locus to ORMDL3 expression.
  • Review of studies on sphingolipid de novo synthesis regulation by ORMDL3.
  • Summary of experimental data from mouse models and pediatric asthma cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 17q12-21 locus increase ORMDL3 expression.
  • ORMDL3, an endoplasmic reticulum protein, stabilizes the SPT complex regulating sphingolipid synthesis.
  • Decreased sphingolipid synthesis is associated with asthma characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • ORMDL3 plays a critical role in sphingolipid biosynthesis and its dysregulation contributes to asthma.
  • Targeting sphingolipid metabolism pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for asthma.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking ORMDL3 and asthma.