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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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1.0K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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2D spin transport through graphene-MnBi2Te4heterojunction.

Xi Chen1, Zheng-Zhe Lin1

  • 1School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, People's Republic of China.

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|May 3, 2022
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Graphene-MnBi2Te4-graphene junctions exhibit perfect Ohmic contacts and high spin polarization. These findings support MnBi2Te4

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors are crucial for developing nonvolatile magnetoelectric nanodevices.
  • MnBi2Te4 represents the first discovered antiferromagnetic topological insulator, offering unique electronic properties.
  • Graphene is a key material for future all-carbon circuits, necessitating compatible conductive connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic transport properties of graphene-MnBi2Te4-graphene junctions.
  • To assess the suitability of MnBi2Te4 as a component in all-carbon electronic circuits.
  • To explore the potential of these junctions for spin filtering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of lateral graphene-MnBi2Te4-graphene heterostructures.
  • Measurement of electronic transport properties, including contact resistance and conductance.
  • Analysis of spin polarization in the currents flowing through the MnBi2Te4 layer.

Main Results:

  • Graphene-MnBi2Te4 interfaces demonstrate excellent Ohmic contact behavior.
  • The junctions exhibit high spin-polarized currents, indicating potential for spintronic applications.
  • Lateral junctions show significantly lower energy barriers and higher electron conductance compared to typical van der Waals junctions.

Conclusions:

  • MnBi2Te4 is a promising material for integration into future all-carbon circuits due to its Ohmic contact properties with graphene.
  • The high spin polarization and enhanced conductance of these junctions are beneficial for 2D spin filtering devices.
  • These findings provide a foundation for advancing research in 2D spintronics and magnetoelectric nanodevices.