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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

119
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
119
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

57
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Inflammation01:38

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
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Atherosclerosis: Recent developments.

Johan L M Björkegren1, Aldons J Lusis2

  • 1Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

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|May 3, 2022
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Summary

Atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular disease and stroke, involves complex inflammatory processes. Recent research reveals new insights into cellular diversity, aging, and gut microbiome influences on this arterial disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Inflammation Biology
  • Genetics and Genomics

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a primary driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke.
  • It is characterized as an inflammatory condition affecting large arteries.
  • Understanding its multifactorial origins is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the molecular, cellular, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to atherosclerosis.
  • To highlight recent advancements and unexpected biological discoveries in the field.
  • To synthesize findings from both individual pathway and systems biology perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific developments in atherosclerosis research.
  • Analysis of molecular, cellular, genetic, and environmental contributions.
  • Integration of findings from individual pathways and systems perspectives.

Main Results:

  • Identification of previously unrecognized heterogeneity in inflammatory and smooth muscle cells within atherosclerotic lesions.
  • Elucidation of the roles of cellular senescence and clonal hematopoiesis in disease progression.
  • Establishment of novel links between the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis development.

Conclusions:

  • Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease with diverse cellular and molecular underpinnings.
  • Emerging research highlights the significance of cellular aging, clonal expansion, and microbial interactions.
  • A comprehensive systems approach is essential for fully understanding and combating atherosclerosis.