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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

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Update on cardiac sarcoidosis.

Jian Liang Tan1, Bryan E-Xin Tan2, Jim W Cheung3

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper University Health Care/Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|May 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac sarcoidosis, an inflammatory heart condition, presents varied symptoms and is often missed. This review details diagnostic criteria and management strategies for this challenging disease.

Keywords:
Cardiac magnetic resonance imagingCardiac sarcoidosisSarcoidosisVentricular tachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis is an inflammatory myocardial disease of unknown origin.
  • Characterized by non-caseating granulomas, it can affect any cardiac region.
  • Underdiagnosis is common due to heterogeneous clinical presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • To focus on diagnostic criteria and management strategies.
  • To provide a stepwise approach for clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available evidence on cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) 2014 and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare criteria.
  • Summary of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Common clinical manifestations include atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure.
  • Definitive diagnosis requires histology from endomyocardial biopsy, but clinical presentation and advanced imaging are often used due to low biopsy sensitivity.
  • Established criteria like HRS 2014 are crucial for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, imaging, and histological findings.
  • Adherence to established diagnostic criteria is essential for timely and accurate diagnosis.
  • A structured, stepwise management approach is necessary for patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.