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Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
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Update on cardiac sarcoidosis

Jian Liang Tan1, Bryan E-Xin Tan2, Jim W Cheung3

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper University Health Care/Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|May 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Cardiac sarcoidosis, an inflammatory heart condition, presents varied symptoms and is often missed. This review details diagnostic criteria and management strategies for this challenging disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis is an inflammatory myocardial disease of unknown origin.
  • Characterized by non-caseating granulomas, it can affect any cardiac region.
  • Underdiagnosis is common due to heterogeneous clinical presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • To focus on diagnostic criteria and management strategies.
  • To provide a stepwise approach for clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available evidence on cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) 2014 and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare criteria.
  • Summary of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Common clinical manifestations include atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure.
  • Definitive diagnosis requires histology from endomyocardial biopsy, but clinical presentation and advanced imaging are often used due to low biopsy sensitivity.
  • Established criteria like HRS 2014 are crucial for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, imaging, and histological findings.
  • Adherence to established diagnostic criteria is essential for timely and accurate diagnosis.
  • A structured, stepwise management approach is necessary for patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.

Keywords:
Cardiac magnetic resonance imagingCardiac sarcoidosisSarcoidosisVentricular tachycardia

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