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Channel catfish virus entry into host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Hongxun Chen1, Fei Yu1, Jiehua Xu1

  • 1Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.

Virus Research
|May 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Channel catfish virus (CCV) enters host cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a process dependent on low pH. This discovery reveals a potential antiviral target for CCV disease.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Fish Disease

Background:

  • Channel catfish virus (CCV) causes lethal infections in channel catfish.
  • Understanding CCV's host cell entry mechanism is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific mechanism of CCV host cell invasion.
  • To identify potential antiviral targets by elucidating the viral entry pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical inhibitor assays were performed on channel catfish cells.
  • Inhibitors targeting endosomal acidification, endocytosis pathways (clathrin-mediated), and cellular cholesterol were utilized.
  • The effect of hypertonic medium and macropinocytosis inhibition on viral entry was assessed.

Main Results:

  • CCV infection was inhibited by endosomal acidification inhibitors (chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, ammonium chloride) and hypertonic sucrose, indicating low-pH and endocytic pathway dependence.
  • Inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (chlorpromazine, dynasore) significantly blocked CCV infection.
  • Disruption of cellular cholesterol and inhibition of macropinocytosis did not affect CCV entry.

Conclusions:

  • CCV utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis for host cell entry.
  • The entry process is dependent on low pH, characteristic of endocytosis.
  • The identified CCV entry pathway presents a promising target for antiviral therapies against CCV disease.
Keywords:
Antiviral targetChannel catfish virusEndocytosisVirus entry

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