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Immune system and sarcopenia: Presented relationship and future perspective.
Xuzhi Zhang1, Hengzhen Li2, Miao He2
1Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
Experimental Gerontology
|May 3, 2022
Summary
Immune system aging contributes to sarcopenia, a muscle disorder common in older adults. Understanding immune aging mechanisms is key to managing sarcopenia and related conditions like obesity and diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Immunology
- Skeletal Muscle Physiology
Background:
- Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome, involves progressive skeletal muscle disorder.
- It is linked to comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and fractures.
- Immune system aging is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in sarcopenia development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of immune aging in the progression of sarcopenia.
- To understand how immune cell alterations and cytokines impact skeletal muscle.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia and associated conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on sarcopenia and immune aging.
- Analysis of the impact of immune organ alterations on innate and adaptive immunity.
- Examination of the effects of specific immune cells and cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IFN-γ) on muscle tissue.
Main Results:
- Immune aging affects various immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils), contributing to muscle weakness and mass loss.
- Cytokines like TNF-α and IFN-γ interact with obesity and diabetes, exacerbating sarcopenia.
- Alterations in immune function negatively impact skeletal muscle health.
Conclusions:
- The immune system's role in aging is crucial for understanding sarcopenia.
- Targeting immune aging mechanisms offers potential for novel sarcopenia treatments.
- Further research can guide interventions in diet, exercise, and medical treatments for sarcopenia.
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