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Imaging secondary neuronal degeneration.

A Montoya-Filardi1, M García-Junco Albacete1, P Ortolá Fortes2

  • 1Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

Radiologia
|May 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Distal nerve degeneration, a common finding from increased imaging, involves neuron disintegration after damage. Understanding its patterns is key for accurate diagnosis and avoiding errors.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Neuropathology

Background:

  • Distal nerve degeneration is the disintegration of neurons or circuits due to distal damage.
  • This finding is increasingly recognized with the rise in diagnostic imaging.
  • It results from various underlying etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define types of distal nerve damage.
  • To review the anatomy and function of commonly affected neural tracts.
  • To illustrate distal nerve damage with diagrams and clinical cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroanatomical tracts.
  • Analysis of imaging findings in clinical practice.
  • Illustrative case studies and diagrams.
Keywords:
AnisotropyAnisotropíaAxonalAxonal degenerationDegeneraciónDiaschisisDiasquisisDiffusionDifusiónGuillain-MollaretGuillain-Mollaret trianglePapezPapez circuitTransinápticaTranssynaptic degenerationWallerian degenerationWalleriana

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Main Results:

  • Distal nerve degeneration encompasses axonal and transsynaptic degeneration, which can be antegrade or retrograde.
  • Imaging studies reveal progressive changes in metabolism, perfusion, and diffusion.
  • Topographical understanding of neuronal lesions aids in predicting degeneration patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing distal nerve degeneration patterns based on lesion topography is crucial for diagnostic accuracy.
  • Axonal and transsynaptic degeneration can occur in both antegrade and retrograde directions.
  • Radiologists must be aware of early imaging changes indicative of distal nerve degeneration.