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Aquaporins

Aquaporins

Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

Facilitated Transport

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...

The Fluid Mosaic Model

The Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Poly(ionic liquid)-Armored MXene Membrane: Interlayer Engineering for Facilitated Water Transport.

Ming Yi^1,2,3, Mi Wang⁴, Yan Wang^1,2

¹Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|May 3, 2022

Summary

This study developed tunable MXene membranes for water purification. Modifying hydrophilicity via poly(ionic liquid)s significantly improved water permeance and rejection for advanced filtration.

Keywords:

Anion Exchange Assembly MXene Nanochannel Hydrophilicity Poly(Ionic Liquid)

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Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

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Published on: April 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Environmental Science

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) MXene-based lamellar membranes show potential for water purification.
Engineering surface properties in subnanoconfinement for high selectivity remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for modifying the hydrophilicity of MXene membrane nanochannels.
To improve molecular transport and sieving effects in 2D material-based membranes.

Main Methods:

Constructed lamellar membranes using poly(ionic liquid)-armored MXene nanosheets.
Utilized poly(ionic liquid)s with exchangeable counter anions as a hydrophilicity modifier.
Tuned interlayer gallery hydrophobicity through simple anion exchange.

Main Results:

Achieved tailorable hydrophilicity in MXene membrane nanochannels.
Demonstrated a two-fold improvement in permeance.
Obtained high rejection rates (approximately 99%) for water purification.
Showcased enhanced molecular transport and sieving effects.

Conclusions:

Poly(ionic liquid)s effectively modify MXene membrane hydrophilicity for water purification.
Anion exchange provides a facile route to tune membrane performance.
This approach offers a new strategy for designing advanced 2D material-based membranes.