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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management
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What sets aeolian dune height?

Andrew Gunn1,2,3, Giampietro Casasanta4, Luca Di Liberto4

  • 1School of Earth Amtosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

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|May 3, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant sand dunes may grow indefinitely, contrary to previous theories. Their ultimate size is not limited by atmospheric conditions but by their own morphology, slowing growth as they enlarge, and potentially by sand availability.

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Area of Science:

  • Geomorphology
  • Earth Science
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Aeolian dunes form predictable patterns under strong winds.
  • Mature dune growth becomes complex, influenced by nonlinear effects, sediment supply, wind variability, and geologic constraints.
  • Giant sand dunes in Earth's major sand seas have evolved over tens of thousands of years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether aeolian dunes cease growing.
  • To determine the factors that limit the ultimate size of giant sand dunes.
  • To challenge previously proposed size limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Global analysis of giant dune topography.
  • Assessment of associated atmospheric forcings and geologic constraints.
  • Numerical experiments to simulate dune growth over time.

Main Results:

  • No evidence found to support a limit to dune size imposed by atmospheric boundary layer height.
  • Findings suggest that dunes can, in principle, grow indefinitely.
  • Dune growth is dependent on morphology, slows as dunes increase in size, and may be limited by sand supply.

Conclusions:

  • Giant sand dune growth is not capped by atmospheric factors.
  • Morphology and sand supply are key factors influencing dune size.
  • Dunes may continue to grow over geological timescales, limited primarily by resource availability.