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Glial Cells

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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: November 11, 2022

Gadd45 in Neuronal Development, Function, and Injury.

Faraz A Sultan¹, Bassel E Sawaya^2,3,4,5,6

¹Department of Psychiatry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA. faraz_a_sultan@rush.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|May 3, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (Gadd) 45 proteins are crucial for cell cycle control and DNA repair. This review details their roles in central nervous system development, aging, and disease.

Keywords:

Aging Alzheimer’s Autism CNS development Central nervous system GADD45 Ischemia MAPK Memory Neoplasia Neurodevelopment Neuroepigenetics Neuronal development Neuronal injury Psychosis Seizures microRNA

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Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

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Published on: March 17, 2014

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Neuroscience
Genetics

Background:

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (Gadd) 45 proteins are involved in DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation, and epigenetic modifications.
These proteins were initially identified through in vitro screens of irradiation- and interleukin-induced transcription.
Gadd45 family members have been linked to various central nervous system (CNS) processes, both normal and aberrant.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the Gadd45 protein family.
To discuss the involvement of Gadd45 proteins in cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle control and DNA repair.
To explore the implications of Gadd45 proteins in CNS development, aging, and disease states.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on Gadd45 proteins.
Analysis of research implicating Gadd45 in cellular signaling pathways.
Synthesis of findings related to Gadd45 function in normal and pathological CNS processes.

Main Results:

Gadd45 proteins participate in MAPK signaling, cell cycle control, histone regulation, and DNA demethylation.
The Gadd45 family is implicated in early and postnatal CNS development, injury responses, and aging.
Aberrant expression or function of Gadd45 proteins is associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

The Gadd45 protein family plays multifaceted roles in cellular homeostasis and CNS function.
Understanding Gadd45 mechanisms is critical for insights into development, aging, and neurological diseases.
Further research into Gadd45 signaling pathways may reveal therapeutic targets for CNS disorders.