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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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DNA Methylation and Atopic Diseases.

Yale Jiang1,2, Erick Forno1, Wei Chen3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 3, 2022
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Summary

Epigenetics helps explain the rise in allergic diseases like asthma, beyond genetics. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) reveal environmental interactions contributing to these conditions.

Keywords:
AllergyAsthmaAtopyDNA methylationIgE

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and immunology
  • Genetics and genomics
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Allergic diseases, including asthma, are increasing globally, impacting quality of life.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicate genetic variations explain only a small part of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated type I hypersensitivity.
  • Epigenetics offers insights into the 'missing heritability' and mechanisms of allergic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize large-scale epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) on asthma and allergic diseases.
  • To explore the role of epigenetic regulation in gene-environment interactions for allergic conditions.
  • To outline future research directions in the epigenetics of allergy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of large-scale epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS).
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications associated with asthma and other allergic diseases.
  • Synthesis of findings on gene-environment interactions in allergy development.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic factors play a significant role in the development of allergic diseases.
  • Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) identify specific epigenetic markers linked to asthma and allergies.
  • Epigenetic regulation mediates the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is crucial for understanding the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases.
  • Future research should focus on EWAS to uncover detailed mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
  • Understanding epigenetic contributions can improve prevention and treatment strategies for asthma and allergies.