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Sequence of chondrocranial development in basal anurans-Let's make a cranium
Paul Lukas1, Janine M Ziermann2
1Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany. paul.lukas@uni-jena.de.
Frontiers in Zoology
|May 3, 2022
Summary
This study details the chondrocranium development in Discoglossus scovazzi, revealing unique cartilage formation sequences in anurans. These findings are crucial for understanding vertebrate evolutionary patterns in skull development.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Comparative Anatomy
Background:
- The vertebrate craniofacial skeleton is a key evolutionary development.
- Its complex formation requires precise chondrification and ossification sequences.
- Studying chondrocranium development in basal anurans offers insights into evolutionary patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively describe the chondrocranium development in Discoglossus scovazzi.
- To compare chondrification sequences with other basal anurans to establish ancestral patterns.
- To provide a basis for reconstructing ancestral conditions in amphibians and vertebrates.
Main Methods:
- Utilized clearing and staining techniques.
- Employed histological analysis.
- Performed 3D reconstructions of the developing skull.
Main Results:
- Tracked the chondrification of 44 skull elements from early development to the premetamorphic stage.
- Identified distinct anuran and discoglossoid cartilage development traits.
- Observed that mandibular, hyoid, and first branchial arches develop first, followed by branchial arches II, III, and IV, without a strict anterior-to-posterior pattern in the viscerocranium.
Conclusions:
- Anuran neurocranial development involves posterior parts extending anteriorly and anterior parts extending posteriorly, differing from Osteichthyes.
- Anuran cartilaginous development exhibits at least two key differences from other gnathostomes.
- Further research on anuran development is essential for understanding vertebrate cartilage evolution.
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