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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

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Herpes Simplex Virus Causing Necrotizing Granulomatous Lymphadenitis.

Vrajesh Parmar1, Maha Bayya1, Vivek Kak2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Jackson, USA.

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|May 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Localized necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis, a rare herpes simplex virus (HSV) presentation, was diagnosed in an immunocompromised patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Diagnosis required lymph node biopsy, immunochemistry, and PCR testing.

Keywords:
chronic lymphocytic leukemiaherpes simplex virusnecrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitisvalacyclovirviral inclusion bodies

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Onco-immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Localized necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis (GLA) is an exceptionally rare manifestation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.
  • Patients with hematologic malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections.

Observation:

  • A patient with newly diagnosed CLL/SLL presented with hematuria and inguinal lymphadenopathy.
  • The clinical presentation mimicked other conditions, necessitating a thorough diagnostic workup.

Findings:

  • Core lymph node biopsy with immunochemistry staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed HSV as the causative agent of GLA.
  • The patient's immunocompromised status likely contributed to the unusual presentation of HSV infection.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering uncommon infections in immunocompromised individuals with persistent or atypical symptoms.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of HSV-induced GLA is crucial for effective management and preventing complications in susceptible patients.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for diagnosing and treating complex cases involving rare infectious presentations in oncology patients.