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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Correction: On-demand quantum spin Hall insulators controlled by two-dimensional ferroelectricity.

Jiawei Huang1,2, Xu Duan2,3, Sunam Jeon4

  • 1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China.

Materials Horizons
|May 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This correction clarifies the findings on on-demand quantum spin Hall insulators. The study focuses on controlling these topological materials using two-dimensional ferroelectricity for advanced electronic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Topological materials

Context:

  • Quantum spin Hall insulators exhibit unique topological properties.
  • Two-dimensional ferroelectricity offers a route for electrical control of material properties.
  • Previous work explored the interplay between these phenomena.

Purpose:

  • To correct and clarify specific details within the original publication.
  • To ensure accurate representation of the research on electrically controlled topological insulators.

Summary:

  • This is a correction notice for a previously published article.
  • The correction addresses specific points to improve the accuracy of the reported results.
  • The original article discussed on-demand quantum spin Hall insulators.

Impact:

  • Ensures the integrity and accuracy of scientific literature.
  • Facilitates correct understanding and further research in topological materials and ferroelectricity.
  • Supports advancements in the field of controllable quantum electronic devices.