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Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Steps for the Autologous Ex vivo Perfused Porcine Liver-kidney Experiment
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Trials and tribulations with artificial liver support.

R Williams

    Gut
    |June 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review covers liver support techniques like charcoal haemoperfusion and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane haemodialysis. While charcoal haemoperfusion faces challenges, PAN membrane haemodialysis shows promise with fewer side effects and improved patient recovery.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Liver failure necessitates artificial support systems.
    • Existing methods like charcoal haemoperfusion have limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review experiences with charcoal haemoperfusion and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane haemodialysis.
    • To discuss emerging liver support technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical experience with charcoal haemoperfusion.
    • Analysis of outcomes using PAN membrane haemodialysis.
    • Description of novel liver support system development.

    Main Results:

    • Charcoal haemoperfusion is associated with platelet aggregation and hypertension.

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  • PAN membrane haemodialysis demonstrates fewer side effects.
  • 33% of patients treated with PAN membrane haemodialysis showed recovery of consciousness.

    • Conclusions:

    • PAN membrane haemodialysis offers a potentially safer alternative for liver support.
    • Ongoing development aims to improve the efficacy and safety of liver support systems.
    • Combined and plasma separation techniques represent future directions in liver support.