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Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19: Emerging Data Relevant to the Cardiovascular Clinician

Diana L Tobler1, Alix J Pruzansky2, Sahar Naderi1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|May 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 can cause serious long-term heart problems, including arrhythmias and heart failure. Further research is needed to understand these cardiovascular complications and the role of vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 is a global pandemic impacting multiple organ systems.
  • The cardiovascular system is significantly affected by COVID-19.
  • Long-term cardiovascular consequences require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate available data on long-term cardiovascular complications following COVID-19 infection.
  • To review the spectrum of acute and chronic cardiovascular manifestations.
  • To highlight emerging trends and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Consolidation of data from published studies on COVID-19 and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Analysis of reported acute and long-term complications.

Main Results:

  • Acute complications include myocarditis, pericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dysfunction, and arrhythmia.
  • Long-term follow-up reveals increased incidence of arrhythmia, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, right ventricular dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
  • Increased mortality post-discharge is observed, with initial myocardial injury correlating with higher mortality.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 infection is associated with a significant burden of long-term cardiovascular complications and structural changes.
  • Early myocardial injury is a predictor of mortality.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the clinical significance of these changes and the impact of vaccination.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Cardiovascular complicationsLong COVIDPost-acute COVID complications

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