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The association of ABO and Rhesus blood type with the risks of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis

K-M Soo1, K M Chung2, M A A Mohd Azlan2

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Tropical Biomedicine
|May 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Individuals with blood group A and AB have a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. This meta-analysis highlights the association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to the virus, urging cautious care for these populations.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant global health challenge due to its virulence.
  • Emerging research suggests a link between ABO and Rhesus blood types and COVID-19 susceptibility.
  • Inconsistent findings across studies necessitate a comprehensive meta-analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relationship between ABO and Rhesus blood types and COVID-19 infection susceptibility.
  • To determine the odds ratio of COVID-19 infection across different blood groups.
  • To conduct subgroup analyses and evaluate publication bias and study quality.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of existing studies on ABO and Rhesus blood types and COVID-19.
  • Calculation of odds ratios for COVID-19 infection based on blood type.
  • Subgroup analyses by age, gender, blood group antigens, and Rhesus factor.
  • Assessment of publication bias and study quality using QUADAS-2.

Main Results:

  • Blood group A showed a statistically significant increased odds ratio for COVID-19 infection (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.24).
  • Blood group AB also demonstrated a significant increased odds ratio after excluding studies with lower QUADAS-2 scores.
  • These findings indicate a higher likelihood of infection for individuals with blood groups A and AB.

Conclusions:

  • Populations with blood group A and AB are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection.
  • Individuals with blood group A and AB should exercise increased precautions against COVID-19.
  • Further research may explore the underlying mechanisms of this association.

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