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Updated: Sep 24, 2025
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
Published on: February 9, 2024
The prognostic values of thyroid disorders in predicting COVID-19 composite poor outcomes: A systematic review and
Hikmat Permana1, Erwin Affandi Soeriadi2, Fachreza Aryo Damara3
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
Background And Aims:
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic properties of thyroid disorder during admission on poor prognosis and factors that may influence the relationship in patients with COVID-19.
Methods:
A systematic literature search of PubMed, EBSCO, and CENTRAL was conducted from inception to August 27, 2021. The main exposure was unspecified and specified thyroid disorders-hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism. The outcome of interest was the COVID-19 composite poor outcome that comprises of severity, mortality, ICU admission, and hospitalization.
Results:
There were 24,734 patients from 20 studies. Meta-analysis showed that thyroid disorder was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 2.87 (95% CI 2.04-4.04), p < 0.001; I2 = 62.4%, p < 0.001). Meta regression showed that age (p = 0.047) and hypertension (p = 0.01), but not gender (p = 0.15), DM (p = 0.10), CAD/CVD (p = 0.38), obesity (p = 0.84), and COPD (p = 0.07) affected the association. Subgroup analysis showed that thyroid disorder increased risk of severe COVID-19 (OR 5.13 (95% CI 3.22-8.17), p < 0.05; I2 = 0%, p = 0.70) and mortality (OR 2.78 (95%CI 1.31-5.90), p < 0.05; I2 = 80%, p < 0.01). Pooled diagnostic analysis of thyroid disorder yielded a sensitivity of 0.22 (0.13-0.35), specificity of 0.92 (0.87-0.95), and AUC of 0.72. The probability of poor outcome was 38% in patients with thyroid disorder and 15% in patients without thyroid abnormality.
Conclusion:
On-admission thyroid disorder was associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
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