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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Atomic Interface-Exciting Catalysis on Cobalt Nitride-Oxide for Accelerating Hydrogen Generation.

Shuyan Guan1,2,3, Yanyan Liu4,5, Huanhuan Zhang1,2,3

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Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Researchers designed a cobalt nitride-oxide interface for efficient hydrogen generation from ammonia borane. This novel catalyst structure exhibits high activity and stability, offering insights into heterogeneous catalyst design for energy conversion.

Keywords:
Co 4N-Co 3O 4@Cactive centersatomic interface-exciting effecthydrogen generationhydrolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Designing interfaces between nitrides and oxides with shared metallic elements is challenging.
  • Correlating interfacial active centers with specific catalytic mechanisms requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a Co4N-Co3O4 interface structure.
  • To investigate the effect of interfacial active centers on hydrogen generation from ammonia borane.
  • To understand the catalytic mechanism and identify active sites.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Co4N-Co3O4@C catalyst.
  • Experimental analyses including catalytic activity measurements.
  • Theoretical simulations to elucidate the mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high catalytic activity for H2 production (turnover frequency up to 79 min-1) with excellent recyclability.
  • Identified the atomic interface-exciting effect (AieE) as the source of high activity.
  • Demonstrated that Co(N)* and Co(O)* at the interface activate ammonia borane and water, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The Co4N-Co3O4 interface effectively facilitates targeted adsorption and activation of reactants.
  • The study provides a proof-of-concept for AieE in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Offers insights for designing advanced catalysts for energy chemical conversion.