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Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
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Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

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Clinical Devices for Bone Assessment.

Kay Raum1, Pascal Laugier2

  • 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, CC04 Center for Biomedicine, Berlin, Germany. kay.raum@charite.de.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) offers a non-ionizing, cost-effective method for assessing bone strength and fracture risk. Recent advancements in QUS technology show promise for improved in vivo bone quality evaluation.

Keywords:
AttenuationAxial transmissionCortical boneSpeed of soundTrabecular boneTransverse transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has been explored for over 30 years to predict bone strength.
  • Current QUS technologies show potential comparable to X-ray densitometry for fracture risk prediction.
  • Advantages include being non-ionizing, inexpensive, portable, patient-friendly, and repeatable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review instrumental developments in in vivo bone QUS applications.
  • To emphasize advancements in QUS technology from 2010-2020.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions in bone QUS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of instrumental developments in quantitative ultrasound (QUS) for bone assessment.
  • Focus on in vivo applications and technological advancements between 2010 and 2020.
  • Exploration of emerging QUS approaches for bone quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • Several QUS technologies demonstrate potential for fracture risk prediction, offering advantages over traditional methods.
  • Recent QUS approaches, including guided waves and hip/spine focused technologies, show promise for assessing bone quality.
  • New data acquisition and signal processing methods can reveal properties beyond bone mineral density.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress, challenges in quality control and standardization remain for clinical QUS adoption.
  • Emerging QUS techniques offer a promising future for more accurate bone strength and fracture risk assessment.
  • Further development is needed to fully realize the potential of QUS in clinical practice.