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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Research progress of extracellular vesicles in type 2 diabetes and its complications

Mengting Zhang1,2, Lanfeng Wang3, Zhiping Chen1,2

  • 1First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China.

Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association
|May 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Extracellular vesicles show promise for diagnosing and treating type 2 diabetes complications. Research highlights their role in regulating inflammation and insulin resistance, offering new therapeutic avenues.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease with ongoing research needs for its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by various cells, are increasingly recognized for their role in cellular communication and disease processes.
  • The specific influence of EVs in type 2 diabetes and its complications remains an area requiring further in-depth investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of extracellular vesicles in the context of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which EVs influence insulin resistance, inflammation, and glucose transporter 4 expression.
  • To assess the potential of EVs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes and its associated conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating extracellular vesicles in type 2 diabetes.
  • Analysis of research on the molecular cargo (proteins, nucleic acids) of EVs and their impact on disease pathogenesis.
  • Examination of the biogenesis and functional roles of EVs in metabolic regulation.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular vesicles play a significant role in modulating inflammation and glucose transporter 4 expression, thereby influencing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
  • EVs derived from stem cells and inflammatory cells carry specific molecules that impact the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
  • Current research indicates substantial potential for EVs in both the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles represent a promising frontier in understanding and managing type 2 diabetes and its complications.
  • Further research into EV biogenesis, cargo, and function is crucial for clinical translation.
  • EVs offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes, addressing current research gaps.
Keywords:
diabetes complicationsexosomesextracellular vesiclesinsulin resistancetype 2 diabetes

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