Age Estimation by Kvaal's Method Using Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the Saudi Population

Area of Science:

• Forensic Anthropology
• Dental Radiology

Background:

• Estimating an individual's age is crucial in forensic science.
• Dental pulp cavity size decreases with age due to secondary dentin deposition, offering a potential aging marker.
• Radiological methods can analyze this age-related pulp regression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To apply Kvaal's method for chronological age estimation using digital panoramic radiographs in the Saudi population.
• To validate Kvaal et al.'s regression equations within this demographic.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 74 digital orthopantomograms from Saudi patients aged 18-64.
• Application of Kvaal's method, assessing age-pulp size relationships on periapical dental radiographs.
• Radiographs were taken between 2018 and 2021, adhering to specific inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Main Results:

• No statistically significant difference was observed between estimated and chronological ages when Kvaal's method was applied to the Saudi cohort.
• The highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.752) was achieved by evaluating three mandibular teeth collectively.
• The "M" (mean worth) and "W L" (width-length contrast) were identified as the most precise indicators for age assessment.

Conclusions:

• Kvaal's method is a valid and reliable technique for estimating chronological age in the Saudi population using digital panoramic radiographs.
• Combined analysis of multiple mandibular teeth enhances the accuracy of age estimation.
• Specific indicators like "M" and "W L" offer the most precise results for age determination in this population.