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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

Published on: March 2, 2020

High-performance polymer 3D printing - Open-source liquid cooled scalable printer design.

Andreas Hagerup Birkelid¹, Sindre W Eikevåg^1,2, Christer W Elverum¹

¹Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

|May 5, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an affordable, open-source 3D printer upgrade enabling high-temperature polymer research and manufacturing. The modified printer achieves high temperatures, producing strong, high-performance polymer components with excellent quality.

Keywords:

Additive manufacturing High-temperature 3-D printing Open hardware Open source PEEK Polymide

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

High-performance polymers require specialized 3D printers capable of high temperatures.
Existing solutions are often costly, limiting accessibility for research and development.
There is a need for adaptable, low-cost systems for advanced polymer processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an open-source hardware upgrade for low-cost 3D printers.
To enable research and manufacturing of high-temperature polymers.
To provide a cost-effective platform for advanced polymer 3D printing.

Main Methods:

Utilized open-source firmware (Klipper and Fluidd) for printer control.
Implemented a hardware upgrade costing under $1700, including the printer.
Achieved high temperatures: 500°C nozzle, 200°C bed, 135°C chamber.

Main Results:

Successfully printed CF-PEEK and PA-CF materials with excellent surface quality.
PA-CF specimens showed comparable or superior mechanical properties to manufacturer datasheets.
Modified printer yielded specimens with 22-25% higher strength compared to a standard Prusa i3 MK3S.

Conclusions:

The open-source upgrade provides a viable, low-cost solution for high-temperature polymer 3D printing.
The system serves as a valuable research tool for material science and polymer additive manufacturing.
Enables production of high-performance polymer components with enhanced mechanical properties.