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Related Concept Videos

Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
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Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Real-Time, Semi-Automated Fluorescent Measurement of the Airway Surface Liquid pH of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells
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OpenHumidistat: Humidity-controlled experiments for everyone.

Lars B Veldscholte1, Sissi de Beer1

  • 1Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules & Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Hardwarex
|May 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

OpenHumidistat offers a stable, affordable, and open-source solution for laboratory humidity control. This system uses a novel air-mixing design for precise, closed-loop regulation, overcoming limitations of existing methods.

Keywords:
ADC, Analog-to-digital converterCC, Creative CommonsCERN OHL, CERN Open Hardware LicenseCV, Control variableControllerDC, Direct currentDI, Deionized (water)EDA, Electronic design automationElectronicsFC, Flow controllerFCE, Final control elementGNU GPL, GNU General Public LicenseHC, Humidity controllerHumidityI/O, Input/outputIC, Integrated circuitMOSFET, Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistorPCB, Printed circuit boardPIDPID, Proportional, integral, derivative (control)PU, Poly(urethane)PV, Process variablePVC, Poly(vinyl chloride)PWM, Pulse-width modulationPneumaticsRAM, Random-access memorySMT, Surface-mount technologySP, SetpointTHT, Through-hole technologyUI, User interfaceVCCS, Voltage-controlled current sink

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific instrumentation
  • Environmental control systems
  • Laboratory automation

Background:

  • Precise humidity control is vital for experimental reproducibility.
  • Existing commercial humidistats are often expensive, proprietary, or lack flexibility.
  • Naive humidity regulation methods can be unstable, slow, or inflexible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present OpenHumidistat, a cost-effective, open-source laboratory humidistat.
  • To provide a detailed design for building an easy-to-assemble humidistat.
  • To demonstrate a reliable closed-loop humidity control system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm.
  • Employs an electropneumatic system for mixing humid and dry air streams.
  • Integrates proportional solenoid valves and flow sensors for precise flow rate regulation.
  • Incorporates a humidity sensor within a measurement chamber for closed-loop feedback.

Main Results:

  • Achieves stable and precise humidity regulation in laboratory settings.
  • Offers an affordable alternative to commercial humidistats, with a build cost around €500.
  • Demonstrates ease of construction and implementation for laboratory use.

Conclusions:

  • OpenHumidistat provides a viable, open-source solution for advanced laboratory humidity control.
  • The system's design overcomes the limitations of traditional and commercial humidistats.
  • Enables researchers to implement sophisticated humidity regulation affordably and flexibly.