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Haematological, Biochemical, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Critical Unit: A

Radi T Alsafi1, Faisal Minshawi1, Ahmad Alshareef2

  • 1Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU.

Cureus
|May 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Identifying laboratory biomarkers can predict severe COVID-19 outcomes. Elevated D-dimer, white blood cells, neutrophils, and C-reactive protein levels indicate higher hospitalization risk in COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for biomarkers to predict disease severity.
  • Unpredictable disease progression in SARS-CoV-2 infections poses challenges to healthcare systems.
  • Understanding laboratory markers aids in predicting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify laboratory biomarkers predicting hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.
  • To differentiate between severe (ICU) and stable (non-ICU) COVID-19 cases.
  • To analyze haematological, inflammatory, and biochemical profiles for predictive value.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 487 COVID-19 patients (May-September 2020).
  • Patients categorized into intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU groups.
  • Data collected from medical records at Saudi Arabian hospitals.

Main Results:

  • ICU patients exhibited higher prevalence of chronic comorbidities.
  • Elevated levels of D-dimer, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in ICU patients.
  • Significant differences in inflammatory and biochemical markers between severe and stable cases.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic comorbidities are significant predictors of ICU admission.
  • Laboratory tests including D-dimer, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CRP, LDH, and ALT can predict ICU admission.
  • Biomarker profiles offer valuable insights into COVID-19 patient stratification and management.
Abstract

Keywords:
chronic comorbiditiescovid-19icuinflammatory biomarkerssars-cov-2

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