Comparison of clinical with CT based evaluation for tibial torsion

Tibial torsion is important to be factored in during calculations of angular deformities of the lower extremity. Three methods are commonly used, thigh foot angle, measurement of transmalleolar axis with proximal tibia or knee as a reference, and Computerized tomography. The purpose of the current study was to find out the effectiveness of clinical methods and compare CT based method for tibial torsion.

A total of 68 limbs (34 subjects) were included. Tibial torsion was measured using thigh foot angle, transmalleolar axis in relation to knee forward position (Knee ankle axis) and CT based evaluation using Jend method.

Pearson correlation coefficient showed strong correlation between CT values and thigh foot angle (r = 0.848) as well as between CT values and Knee ankle axis (r = 0.889). Scatter plots also showed a linear distribution.

Both thigh foot angle and Knee ankle axis provide reliable alternative to ionizing CT in measuring tibial torsion.