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Streptococcus oriscaviae sp. nov. Infection Associated with Guinea Pigs.

Jade L L Teng1, Yuanchao Ma1, Jonathan H K Chen2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Konggrid.194645.b, Hong Kong, China.

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|May 5, 2022
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Summary

A novel bacterium, Streptococcus oriscaviae, was discovered in a guinea pig bite wound infection. This new species, found in guinea pig mouths, may be misidentified as Streptococcus suis in some clinical cases.

Keywords:
Streptococcus oriscaviaebite woundguinea pigsinfectionnovel species

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Pet bite wounds can transmit oral bacteria, causing infections in humans.
  • Accurate identification of bacterial species is crucial for effective treatment and understanding disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel Streptococcus species isolated from a guinea pig bite wound.
  • To determine the phylogenetic relationship of the novel isolate to known Streptococcus species.
  • To investigate the potential reservoir of the novel bacterium in guinea pigs.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and culturing of bacteria from wound discharge.
  • Phenotypic characterization including hemolysis and biochemical tests (API 20 STREP, Vitek 2).
  • Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for identification.
  • Molecular identification using 16S rRNA, groEL, and rpoB gene sequencing.
  • Whole genome sequencing and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated core bacterial genes.
  • Detection of the bacterium in the oral cavities of pet guinea pigs.

Main Results:

  • A novel alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus, designated HKU75T, was isolated from a guinea pig bite wound.
  • Initial identification attempts using biochemical tests, mass spectrometry, and housekeeping gene sequencing led to misidentification as Streptococcus suis or Streptococcus parasuis.
  • Whole genome sequencing and ANI analysis confirmed HKU75T as a distinct novel species within the Streptococcus Suis group, proposed as Streptococcus oriscaviae.
  • Sequences identical to the novel species were detected in the oral cavities of the patient's pet guinea pigs, suggesting they are a reservoir.

Conclusions:

  • Streptococcus oriscaviae is a newly identified bacterial species isolated from a guinea pig bite wound.
  • The oral cavity of guinea pigs serves as a potential reservoir for S. oriscaviae.
  • This discovery highlights the importance of advanced genomic techniques for accurate bacterial identification and suggests that some previously reported S. suis cases may represent S. oriscaviae.