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Phosphate intake, hyperphosphatemia, and kidney function.

Isabel Rubio-Aliaga1, Reto Krapf2,3

  • 1Institute of Physiology, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. isabel.rubioaliaga@uzh.ch.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|May 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High dietary phosphate intake, often from processed foods, can lead to hyperphosphatemia and kidney function decline. This poses risks even for individuals with normal kidney function.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseChronic kidney diseaseDietary phosphateHyperphosphatemiaKidney functionMortality risk

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Phosphate homeostasis is crucial for life, regulated by kidneys, intestine, parathyroid glands, and skeleton via calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and FGF23.
  • Increased dietary phosphate intake, driven by ultraprocessed foods, now averages twice the recommended allowance.
  • Incomplete dietary phosphate assessment complicates studies on chronic high intake effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the relationship between dietary phosphate intake and kidney function decline.
  • To highlight the impact of high phosphate intake on renal adaptation and potential adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental intervention studies and epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of hormonal regulation and renal phosphate handling.
  • Examination of consequences of hyperphosphatemia on kidney health.

Main Results:

  • Chronic high dietary phosphate intake can overwhelm renal adaptation, leading to sustained hyperphosphatemia.
  • The homeostatic response to phosphate loading may increase kidney function decline risk due to renal inflammation.
  • High phosphate intake and hyperphosphatemia are linked to kidney function decline, cardiovascular disease, and mortality, even in normal renal function.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated dietary phosphate intake presents a significant risk factor for kidney function decline and associated adverse health outcomes.
  • The detrimental effects of high phosphate intake extend to individuals with previously normal kidney function.
  • Further research and accurate dietary assessment are crucial for managing phosphate intake and mitigating kidney disease progression.