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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Microbial Sensing by Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells.

Pijus K Barman1,2, Helen S Goodridge1,2

  • 1Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|May 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Microbial sensing by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) influences immune cell balance. This review explores how microbes regulate HSPC activity for steady-state immunity and emergency myelopoiesis.

Keywords:
bone marrowemergency myelopoiesishematopoietic stem and progenitor cellsinfectionmicrobiomepathogens

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Balanced immune cell production is vital for immune surveillance.
  • Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to microbial cues.
  • Microbial interactions significantly impact hematopoiesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how commensal microbes regulate bone marrow HSPC activity.
  • To examine HSPC proliferation and differentiation during emergency myelopoiesis.
  • To explore microbial sensing mechanisms by HSPCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HSPC-microbe interactions.
  • Analysis of direct and indirect microbial sensing pathways.
  • Discussion of long-term effects of microbial stimuli on HSPCs.

Main Results:

  • HSPCs possess pattern recognition and cytokine receptors for microbial sensing.
  • Both direct detection of microbial components and indirect cytokine signaling influence HSPCs.
  • Microbial stimuli can have lasting effects on HSPC behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial interactions are crucial regulators of both steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis.
  • Understanding these interactions may reveal links to aging and metabolic stress.
  • Exploiting microbial stimulation of HSPCs offers potential for novel vaccine strategies, like trained immunity.