Fast Fourier transform method for determining velocities of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves using a comb transducer

A convenient, accurate and precise method is proposed to determine velocities of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves in different materials by extracting central frequencies of signals, which are measured by a comb transducer and converted to the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The velocities can be calculated as c_r = fl, where f is the central frequency of the wave signal and l is the teeth spacing or period of the comb transducer. The experimental measurements are easy to do, as long as the Rayleigh wave reflected from the standard reflectors are measured using one comb transducer, without knowing the wave propagation distances and times. Results show that the proposed technique has a high level of precision, as the central frequencies are very stable. The same comb transducer is used to measure the Rayleigh wave velocities in different materials where the velocities vary from 2100 m/s to 3400 m/s. Comparison of the experimental results with those measured using the time-of-flight method showed a high level of accuracy - all relative errors were found to be less than 1%.