Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

From Rapa Nui to Nanomedicine: Targeting the mechanistic target of rapamycin in lung transplantation.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2026

Same author

International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Scientific Statement on pulmonary antibody-mediated rejection and proposed graft, antibody, and pathology (GAP) definition.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026

Same author

A Perspective Summary of the ISHLT Consensus Statement on Acute Lung Allograft Dysfunction (ALAD).

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026

Same author

The need for clarity among the shadows: It is time to further refine the definition of primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026

Same author

ISHLT Consensus Statement on Acute Lung Allograft Dysfunction (ALAD): Definition, Etiology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches, and Research Priorities.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026

Same author

CCR5+ NK cells drive hypoxemia in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2012

Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction.

Aida Venado¹, Jasleen Kukreja², John R Greenland³

¹Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M1093A, San Francisco, CA 94143-2204, USA.

Thoracic Surgery Clinics

|May 5, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a progressive lung function decline after transplant. Restrictive and mixed CLAD phenotypes show faster progression and poorer survival, with unclear underlying mechanisms.

Keywords:

BOS CLAD PPFE RAS

More Related Videos

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

Published on: October 11, 2024

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2012

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

Published on: October 11, 2024

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Transplantation Immunology

Background:

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a major cause of long-term graft loss after lung transplantation.
CLAD presents with obstructive, restrictive, or mixed phenotypes, each with distinct clinical trajectories.
The precise mechanisms initiating CLAD remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the current understanding of CLAD phenotypes, progression, and underlying mechanisms.
To highlight the challenges in managing CLAD and the limited treatment options.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on CLAD.
Analysis of clinical data regarding CLAD phenotypes and outcomes.
Discussion of immunological triggers implicated in CLAD pathogenesis.

Main Results:

Restrictive and mixed CLAD phenotypes are associated with more rapid disease progression and reduced patient survival compared to obstructive phenotypes.
Allograft injury, rejection (cellular and antibody-mediated), and infections are identified as key events triggering immune responses that can lead to CLAD.
The development of CLAD involves complex immune responses with delayed effects, manifesting months to years post-transplant.

Conclusions:

Understanding CLAD phenotypes is crucial for predicting patient outcomes.
Identifying the immunological drivers of CLAD is essential for developing targeted therapies.
Retransplantation remains the sole definitive treatment for established CLAD.