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Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects
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Crying does not alleviate acute pain perception: Evidence from an experimental study.

Asmir Gračanin1, Michelle C P Hendriks2, Ad J J M Vingerhoets2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rijeka, Croatia.

European Journal of Pain (London, England)
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Summary

Crying does not appear to reduce acute pain, contrary to popular belief and findings for other emotional expressions. This study found no evidence that crying alleviates pain through distraction or biological mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Pain Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research indicates emotional expressions like swearing and laughing can reduce acute pain.
  • Systematic investigation into the effects of crying on pain modulation is lacking.
  • Potential mechanisms for crying's effect on pain include emotional distraction or changes in oxytocin and opioid levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of crying on acute pain perception.
  • To differentiate between distraction and neurobiological mechanisms by examining mood and pain responses over time.
  • To test the hypothesis that crying modulates pain through emotional or biological pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies exposed participants to a sad movie to induce crying.
  • Pain induction procedures (electric shock, cold-pressor test) were administered before and after the movie.
  • Mood, pain threshold, tolerance, and intensity were measured, with repeated measures in Study 2 to assess temporal effects.

Main Results:

  • Crying was elicited in a significant portion of participants (49.1% in Study 1, 70% in Study 2).
  • No systematic differences in pain or mood changes were observed between criers and non-criers.
  • Contrary to hypotheses, crying occurrence and frequency were associated with detrimental effects on pain threshold.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support the hypothesis that crying has pain-alleviating effects.
  • Neither emotional distraction nor direct biological mechanisms appear to be significantly influenced by crying in relation to acute pain.
  • The role of crying in pain management or intervention warrants further critical evaluation.