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Designing a Bioreactor to Improve Data Acquisition and Model Throughput of Engineered Cardiac Tissues
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Autophagy is Involved in Cardiac Remodeling in Response to Environmental Temperature Change.

C Ruperez1, A Blasco-Roset1, D Kular1

  • 1Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain.

Frontiers in Physiology
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Cold exposure causes cardiac hypertrophy in mice, which fully reverses after one week of rewarming. Autophagy plays a key role in both the development and reversal of this cold-induced heart remodeling.

Keywords:
autophagyhearthypertrophymetabolismtemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Disease

Background:

  • Chronic cold exposure induces cardiac hypertrophy independently of blood pressure.
  • The reversibility and underlying molecular pathways of cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reversibility of cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
  • To elucidate the role of autophagy in the development and regression of cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were exposed to cold (4°C) for up to 10 days, followed by deacclimation periods (24 hours to 1 week).
  • Cardiac hypertrophy was assessed by heart weight/tibia length ratio, cardiomyocyte size, gene expression, and echocardiography.
  • Autophagic flux was evaluated using leupeptin, and autophagy was pharmacologically inhibited with chloroquine.

Main Results:

  • Cold exposure increased heart weight, cardiomyocyte area, and hypertrophy markers, while decreasing fatty acid oxidation genes.
  • One week of deacclimation completely reversed cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Cardiac autophagy was suppressed during cold exposure and reactivated upon rewarming; its inhibition blocked hypertrophy reversal.

Conclusions:

  • Cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice is fully reversible upon returning to room temperature.
  • Autophagy is a critical mediator of cardiac remodeling during cold exposure and its subsequent reversal.