A cellulose/β-cyclodextrin nanofiber patch as a wearable epidermal glucose sensor.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is crucial for diabetes management.
• Noninvasive methods are highly desirable to improve patient compliance and reduce complications.
• Existing CGM technologies often face challenges with accuracy, stability, and invasiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a cellulose/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) electrospun immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme patch.
• To utilize reverse iontophoresis for noninvasive monitoring of interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose levels.
• To evaluate the sensor's performance in vitro for potential application in diabetes diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a cellulose/β-CD electrospun patch immobilized with glucose oxidase (GOx).
• Integration of the sensor with a flexible substrate for epidermal application.
• Utilized reverse iontophoresis for noninvasive extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF).
• Performed in vitro analysis to assess sensor performance and interference.

Main Results:

• The developed sensor demonstrated a high diffusion coefficient (9.0 × 10^-5 cm² s^-1).
• Achieved excellent linearity (R ² = 0.998) with a low detection limit (9.35 × 10^-5 M).
• The sensor exhibited high sensitivity (5.08 μA mM^-1) within the linear range (0-1 mM) and was unaffected by common interfering substances at physiological levels.

Conclusions:

• The cellulose/β-CD electrospun patch with immobilized GOx is a promising candidate for noninvasive glucose monitoring.
• The sensor's robustness against interfering substances suggests reliable performance in complex biological environments.
• This epidermal sensing strategy holds significant potential for the continuous glucose monitoring and diagnosis of diabetes.