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Retracted Article: The nuclear export of TR3 mediated gambogic acid-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells

Chunhong Zhang1, Jia Liu2,3, Fengxing Tao2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The First Affliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang Province China.

RSC Advances
|May 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Gambogic acid shows anti-tumor effects in cervical cancer by inducing apoptosis, a process dependent on TR3 protein expression and p53 signaling. This offers a potential new therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for cervical cancer but faces challenges due to drug resistance.
  • Developing novel therapeutic agents for cervical cancer is crucial to overcome treatment limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of gambogic acid in cervical cancer.
  • To determine the role of TR3 protein in gambogic acid-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Cell viability assays to assess the cytotoxic effect of gambogic acid on cervical cancer cells.
  • Analysis of TR3 protein expression and localization.
  • Western blotting to evaluate p53 levels and mitochondrial membrane potential.
  • Apoptosis assays to confirm gambogic acid-induced cell death.

Main Results:

  • Gambogic acid exhibits a cytotoxic effect on cervical cancer cells, which is dependent on the expression of TR3 protein.
  • Gambogic acid treatment promotes the nuclear export of TR3.
  • This nuclear export leads to the up-regulation of p53, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultimately, apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Gambogic acid induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells through a TR3-dependent and p53-mediated pathway.
  • The mechanism involves the nuclear export of TR3, suggesting TR3 as a key mediator in gambogic acid's anti-cancer activity.
  • These findings highlight gambogic acid as a promising candidate for novel cervical cancer therapies.

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