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Relationships Between Memory Impairments and Hippocampal Structure in Patients With Subcortical Ischemic Vascular
Miao He1,2, Yang Li1, Lijing Zhou1
1Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
Insights
Subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) patients with cognitive impairment exhibit reduced volumes in specific hippocampal subfields, correlating with memory deficits. These findings highlight targeted hippocampal atrophy in SIVD-associated memory loss.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Neurology
- Vascular Dementia Research
Background:
- Subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is linked to memory disorders, potentially involving the hippocampus.
- Understanding hippocampal changes is crucial for explaining memory dysfunction in SIVD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alterations in hippocampal subfields in SIVD patients.
- To explore the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and memory deficits in SIVD.
Main Methods:
- Structural MRI was used to analyze hippocampal subfield volumes in 77 SIVD patients (cognitively impaired or normal) and 41 healthy controls.
- One-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests compared subfield volumes across groups, controlling for covariates.
- Correlations were assessed between significant subfield volumes and memory test scores in SIVD patients.
Main Results:
- Significant volume differences were observed in most hippocampal subfields among the three groups.
- SIVD patients with cognitive impairment showed smaller volumes in the right subiculum, CA1, presubiculum, and hippocampal molecular layer compared to SIVD patients with normal cognition.
- Volumes of the right subiculum, CA1, and presubiculum positively correlated with various memory test scores.
Conclusions:
- SIVD can cause widespread reductions in hippocampal subfield volumes.
- Cognitively impaired SIVD patients exhibit specific hippocampal subfield atrophy, which is associated with their memory deficits.
Background And Purpose:
Patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) suffer from memory disorders that are thought to be associated with the hippocampus. We aimed to explore changes in hippocampal subfields and the relationship between different hippocampal subfield volumes and different types of memory dysfunction in SIVD patients.
Methods:
A total of 77 SIVD patients with cognitive impairment (SIVD-CI, n = 39) or normal cognition (HC-SIVD, n = 38) and 41 matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Memory function was measured in all subjects, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Then, the hippocampus was segmented and measured by FreeSurfer 6.0 software. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the volume of hippocampal subfields among the three groups while controlling for age, sex, education and intracranial volume (ICV). Then, post hoc tests were used to evaluate differences between each pair of groups. Finally, correlations between significantly different hippocampal subfield volumes and memory scores were tested in SIVD patients.
Results:
Almost all hippocampal subfields were significantly different among the three groups except for the bilateral hippocampal fissure (p = 0.366, p = 0.086, respectively.) and left parasubiculum (p = 0.166). Furthermore, the SIVD-CI patients showed smaller volumes in the right subiculum (p < 0.001), CA1 (p = 0.002), presubiculum (p = 0.002) and molecular layer of the hippocampus (p = 0.017) than the HC-SIVD patients. In addition, right subiculum volumes were positively related to Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) word recognition (r = 0.230, p = 0.050), reverse digit span test (R-DST) (r = 0.326, p = 0.005) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) immediate recall (r = 0.247, p = 0.035) scores, right CA1 volumes were positively correlated with RAVLT word recognition (r = 0.261, p = 0.026), and right presubiculum volumes showed positive relationships with R-DST (r = 0.254, p = 0.030) and ROCF immediate recall (r = 0.242, p = 0.039) scores.
Conclusion:
SIVD might lead to general reductions in volume in multiple hippocampal subfields. However, SIVD-CI patients showed atrophy in specific subfields, which might be associated with memory deficits.
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