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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

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Nano-sized mesoporous phosphated tin oxide as an efficient solid acid catalyst.

S M Hassan1, M A Mannaa1,2, Amr Awad Ibrahim1,3

  • 1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt amr_awad@mans.edu.eg.

RSC Advances
|May 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
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This study developed a novel mesoporous tin oxide catalyst activated with phosphate species. The optimized 25% phosphate-loaded catalyst achieved a 93.2% yield in hydroquinone diacetate synthesis with excellent reusability.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mesoporous tin oxide (mSnO2) is a promising catalyst.
  • Surface modification is key to enhancing catalytic performance.
  • Phosphate species can alter the properties of metal oxide catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize phosphate-activated mesoporous tin oxide catalysts.
  • To investigate the effect of phosphate loading on catalyst structure and acidity.
  • To evaluate the catalytic performance for hydroquinone diacetate synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Adsorption of phosphate ions onto tin oxyhydroxide.
  • Characterization using FTIR, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction.
  • Acidity measurements via nonaqueous titration and FTIR of adsorbed pyridine.

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Main Results:

  • Phosphate addition stabilized the mesoporous structure and nanoscale crystalline size of mSnO2.
  • Phosphate species polymerized to form a stabilizing SnP2O7 layer.
  • Maximized surface acidity and acid strength were achieved at 25 wt% PO4 3- loading.
  • The 25% PO4 3-/mSnO2 catalyst yielded 93.2% hydroquinone diacetate with 100% selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphate activation effectively enhances the catalytic properties of mesoporous tin oxide.
  • The optimal phosphate loading (25 wt%) maximizes both acidity and catalytic activity.
  • The developed catalyst demonstrates high efficiency, selectivity, and reusability for hydroquinone diacetate synthesis.