Coronavirus Disease 2019-Induced Tracheomegaly: A Case Report

Tracheomegaly is a medical condition where the tracheal diameter is greater than the upper limits of normal. Tracheomegaly can be classified as primary or secondary. Primary tracheomegaly is usually congenital. Secondary tracheomegaly can be due to multiple causes, including connective tissue disease, infections, autoimmune diseases like sarcoidosis, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Here, we describe the first reported case of tracheomegaly secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and COVID-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD). While many cases of tracheomegaly are asymptomatic, patients can have symptoms like cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, or even respiratory failure. Tracheomegaly is associated with a higher risk of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, chronic cough, bronchiectasis, and tracheobronchomalacia. Early recognition of COVID-19-induced tracheomegaly can help initial early management and reduce the incidence of infections.