Vector of motion measurements in the living cochlea using a 3D OCT vibrometry system

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an important tool for measuring the vibratory response of the living cochlea. It stands alone in its capacity to measure the intricate motion of the hearing organ through the surrounding otic capsule bone. Nevertheless, as an extension of phase-sensitive OCT, it is only capable of measuring motion along the optical axis. Hence, measurements are 1-D. To overcome this limitation and provide a measure of the 3-D vector of motion in the cochlea, we developed an OCT system with three sample arms in a single interferometer. Taking advantage of the long coherence length of our swept laser, we depth (frequency) encode the three channels. An algorithm to depth decode and coregister the three channels is followed by a coordinate transformation that takes the vibrational data from the experimental coordinate system to Cartesian or spherical polar coordinates. The system was validated using a piezo as a known vibrating element that could be positioned at various angles. The angular measurement on the piezo was shown to have an RMSE of ≤ 0.30° (5.2 mrad) with a standard deviation of the amplitude of ≤ 120 pm. Finally, we demonstrate the system for in vivo imaging by measuring the vector of motion over a volume image in the apex of the mouse cochlea.