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Thyroid autoimmunity in Greenlandic Inuit.

Paneeraq Noahsen^1,2,3, Karsten F Rex^1,2,4, Inge Bülow Pedersen⁵

¹Arctic Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.

European Thyroid Journal

|May 6, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid autoantibodies were rare in Greenland Inuit, with iodine nutrition showing a similar association to other populations. Further research is needed to explore potential genetic factors and environmental influences like cold and pollutants.

Keywords:

Arctic environment Greenland Inuit iodine excretion thyroid autoimmunity

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Immunology
Population Health

Background:

Thyroid autoimmunity prevalence varies significantly across ethnic groups and geographical locations.
The Inuit population in Greenland presents a unique demographic for studying thyroid autoimmunity due to their distinct genetics and non-iodine-deficient status.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity in the Greenland Inuit population.
To investigate the relationship between lifestyle factors (smoking, diet), iodine status, and thyroid autoimmunity in this ethnic group.

Main Methods:

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Nuuk (West Greenland) and the Ammassalik district (East Greenland).
Data on lifestyle, diet, and diseases were collected via questionnaires.
Serum samples were analyzed for thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Spot urine samples were used to measure iodine and creatinine levels.

Main Results:

Thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb or TGAb) were detected in 9.3% of Inuit women and 7.5% of men.
Autoantibody prevalence was higher in East Greenland Inuit with greater iodine excretion (P = 0.02).
Thyroid autoimmunity appeared more frequent in non-smokers (12.5%) than smokers (7.0%), and was strongly associated with elevated TSH levels (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Thyroid autoantibodies are uncommon in the Greenland Inuit population.
Iodine nutrition is associated with thyroid autoimmunity, similar to other populations, but sex and smoking appear to have limited influence.
The findings suggest a potential genetic component in Inuit thyroid autoimmunity, warranting further investigation into environmental factors such as cold exposure, selenium, and persistent organic pollutants.