Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mistranslation from an endogenous tRNA variant in human pan-genome cell lines.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same author

Covalent Ligand Electrophiles Are Differentially Activated by Proximity Effects Which Govern Latent Protein Reactivity.

ACS central science·2025

Same author

High-fidelity and differential nonsense suppression in live cells and a frontotemporal dementia allele with human transfer RNAs.

Nucleic acids research·2025

Same author

Mimicry of molecular glues using dual covalent chimeras.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Natural human tRNA<sup>Ala</sup> anticodon variants mistranslate the genetic code.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Humanized mouse models of <i>KRAS</i>-mutated colorectal and pancreatic cancers with HLA-class-I match for pre-clinical evaluation of cancer immunotherapies.

Oncoimmunology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Covalent Immune Proximity-Induction Strategy Using SuFEx-Engineered Bifunctional Viral Peptides.

Harrison M McCann^1,2, Benjamin P M Lake^1,2, Kyle S Hoffman³

¹Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center for Discovery in Cancer Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.

ACS Chemical Biology

|May 6, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed synthetic electrophilic peptides to bridge anti-viral antibodies to cancer cells, enhancing anti-tumor immunity. This novel covalent approach utilizes sulfonyl fluoride exchange chemistry for irreversible targeting and improved therapeutic efficacy, even against difficult-to-treat tumors.

More Related Videos

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

Published on: October 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

Published on: October 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Organic Chemistry
Chemical Biology

Background:

Covalent antibody recruiting molecules (cARMs) use small molecules to link antibodies to tumor antigens.
Existing cARMs are limited to recruiting antibodies specific for small molecule haptens.
Most immune effector mechanisms recognize protein epitopes, necessitating broader recruitment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a new covalent immune proximity-inducing strategy using synthetic electrophilic peptides.
To enable the recruitment of protein-specific antibodies, such as anti-viral antibodies, to cancer cells.
To enhance anti-tumor immunotherapeutic efficacy by leveraging a broader range of immune machinery.

Main Methods:

Engineered synthetic bifunctional electrophilic peptides containing tumor-targeting moieties and sulfonyl (VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) electrophiles.
Synthesized peptides derived from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD) to target prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-expressing cancer cells.
Utilized human serum containing anti-HSV antibodies for recruitment and assessed targeting selectivity and reaction kinetics via SuFEx chemistry.

Main Results:

Demonstrated selective and irreversible targeting of anti-HSV antibodies by the electrophilic peptides.
Showcased enhanced reaction rates by tuning SuFEx chemistry without compromising selectivity.
Observed improved anti-tumor immunotherapeutic efficacy in cellular assays compared to non-electrophilic peptide controls.
Confirmed enhanced efficacy with natural human anti-HSV antibodies and against tumor cells with lower PSMA expression.

Conclusions:

Introduced a novel covalent peptide-based approach for immune proximity induction.
Established the potential of using anti-viral antibodies in synthetic tumor immunotherapy.
Highlighted the versatility of SuFEx chemistry in designing targeted immunotherapies.