Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

5.4K
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
5.4K
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

76.4K
Overview
76.4K
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

25.9K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
25.9K
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

231.5K
Overview
231.5K
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

24.0K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
24.0K
Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

67.3K
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
67.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Root hair plasticity in cereals under abiotic stress.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

On the state of protein function prediction: a report on the fourth CAFA challenge.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The community engagement and empowerment cycle: FAIRagro's framework to foster cultural change towards FAIR RDM practices in agrosystem science and beyond.

Journal of integrative bioinformatics·2026
Same author

Correction: Regression approaches for modeling genotype‑environment interaction and making predictions into unseen environments.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
Same author

Large-scale multi-omics unveils host-microbiome interactions driving root development and nitrogen acquisition.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Regression approaches for modeling genotype-environment interaction and making predictions into unseen environments.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
Same journal

CYSTEINE-RICH RLK2 regulates development via callose synthase-dependent symplastic transport in Arabidopsis.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

H2O2 oxidation of VvMYB APL reduces VvHSP20-43 expression and promotes grape ripening.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

Mitigating Constraints in Harvest Index and Yield of Densified Populations via Sink Modulation of Narrowing Pollination Time Gaps within Maize Ear.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

The MrHY5-mru-miR396-MrGRF4 module regulates UV-B-induced quercetin biosynthesis in Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra cv. Biqi).

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

The transcription factor StC3H14 enhances cold tolerance through the CBF-dependent pathway in potato.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

Jasmonic acid and PpeMYC2 regulate peach fruit ripening by controlling polyamine levels and anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Plant physiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

23.8K

Single-parent expression complementation contributes to phenotypic heterosis in maize hybrids.

Jutta A Baldauf1, Meiling Liu2, Lucia Vedder3

  • 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.

Plant Physiology
|May 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-parent expression (SPE) complementation in maize hybrids activates hundreds of genes, significantly correlating with hybrid performance. This gene expression pattern supports the dominance model of heterosis by enhancing development and stress response.

More Related Videos

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies
10:47

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies

Published on: July 24, 2017

11.5K
Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
08:38

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

23.8K
A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies
10:47

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies

Published on: July 24, 2017

11.5K
Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
08:38

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, explains the superior performance of F1-hybrids.
  • The dominance model posits heterosis arises from complementing deleterious alleles with beneficial ones.
  • Single-parent expression (SPE) complementation occurs when genes are active in one parent but not the other.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SPE complementation in maize hybrid performance.
  • To correlate the number of SPE genes with mid-parent heterosis (MPH).
  • To analyze the functional enrichment of maternally and paternally active SPE genes.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing gene expression in genetically diverse maize hybrids.
  • Quantifying SPE genes across different tissues.
  • Correlating SPE gene counts and module enrichment with phenotypic traits.
  • Performing gene ontology term enrichment analyses.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 700 additional genes were active on average in maize hybrids due to SPE complementation.
  • The number of SPE genes significantly associated with MPH across all surveyed traits.
  • Maternally active SPE genes (SPE_B) correlated positively with traits and were linked to growth/development.
  • Paternally active SPE genes (SPE_X) correlated negatively with traits and were linked to defense/stress response.

Conclusions:

  • Phenotypic heterosis in maize is linked to the extent of SPE gene expression complementation.
  • SPE complementation contributes to hybrid vigor by coordinating development and stress responses in fluctuating environments.
  • SPE_B and SPE_X gene expression patterns have distinct roles in hybrid performance.