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Multitrophic diversity and biotic associations influence subalpine forest ecosystem multifunctionality.

Ya-Huang Luo1,2,3, Marc W Cadotte4, Jie Liu1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.

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|May 6, 2022
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Summary

Multitrophic biodiversity, not just single-level richness, is key for ecosystem multifunctionality. Complex species interactions and diversity across all trophic levels significantly enhance forest functions.

Keywords:
ecosystem multifunctionalityelevationmultitrophic diversitynetworksspatial scalessubalpine forest

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biodiversity Research
  • Ecosystem Science

Background:

  • Ecosystem multifunctionality relies on biodiversity across various trophic levels.
  • The specific roles of multitrophic diversity and species interactions in regulating multifunctionality are not fully understood.
  • Subalpine forests face challenges in maintaining ecosystem functions due to environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of elevation, diversity, and network complexity on subalpine forest multifunctionality from a multitrophic perspective.
  • To determine how scale-dependent factors influence ecosystem functions in mountain environments.
  • To understand the relationship between species richness across trophic levels and ecosystem multifunctionality.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data from 9 distinct trophic groups (e.g., trees, fungi, mammals) and 13 ecosystem functions.
  • Utilized a multitrophic approach to analyze species composition, richness, and biotic associations.
  • Assessed the influence of elevation, soil pH, and network complexity on ecosystem multifunctionality at different spatial scales.

Main Results:

  • Elevation and soil pH significantly altered species composition and richness across trophic groups, impacting multiple ecosystem functions.
  • Species richness across multiple trophic levels demonstrated a stronger positive effect on multifunctionality than richness at a single level.
  • Biotic associations (network complexity) and community-scale diversity were positively linked to enhanced multifunctionality.

Conclusions:

  • Multitrophic diversity and complex species interactions are crucial drivers of ecosystem multifunctionality in subalpine forests.
  • The scale at which diversity is considered significantly affects its impact on multifunctionality.
  • Understanding scale- and context-dependent multitrophic interactions is vital for predicting mountain ecosystem responses to global change.