Highly Sensitive Enzymatic Biosensor Based on Polyaniline-Wrapped Titanium Dioxide Nanohybrid for Fish Freshness...

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Nanomaterials Science
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Xanthine (Xn) detection is crucial for assessing food freshness and spoilage.
• Existing detection methods may lack sensitivity, selectivity, or speed.
• Enzymatic biosensors offer a promising approach for rapid and specific analyte detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To fabricate a highly sensitive enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for selective xanthine detection.
• To utilize a polyaniline-wrapped titanium dioxide (PANI@TiO2) nanohybrid as a sensing platform.
• To validate the biosensor's performance using real fish samples.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of PANI@TiO2 nanohybrid via chemical polymerization.
• Immobilization of xanthine oxidase (XOs) onto the PANI@TiO2 nanohybrid.
• Electrochemical characterization using techniques like cyclic voltammetry and amperometry.
• Fabrication of the biosensor on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate.

Main Results:

• The PANI@TiO2 nanohybrid exhibited enhanced electron transfer kinetics (rate constant of 0.904 cm s⁻¹).
• The fabricated XOs/PANI@TiO2/ITO biosensor detected xanthine in the range of 1-100 µM.
• Achieved a limit of detection of 0.1 µM with a rapid response time of 10 seconds.
• Demonstrated successful validation using real rohu fish samples.

Conclusions:

• The developed enzymatic electrochemical biosensor demonstrates high sensitivity and selectivity for xanthine detection.
• The PANI@TiO2 nanohybrid platform enhances biosensor performance.
• The proposed biosensor is a reliable tool for analyzing xanthine in fish and meat products.